Monday, December 21, 2020

3 Perspectives: The Great Jupiter Saturn Winter 2020 Conjunction

Tonight, the first day of winter 2020, will bring Jupiter and Saturn closer together than they have appeared in nearly 800 years, which will see the two planets separated by about a tenth of an angular degree. For comparison, a little finger held at arm’s length spans about half of a degree. The best news: this will be an event visible to the naked eye as all one has to do is look low in the Southwest about an hour after sunset. Jupiter is the brighter, lower planet and Saturn is the dimmer, higher one.

However, for some real fun, add optical aid. With binoculars of around 10x power (and held steadily or mounted on a tripod), the two objects will become six as Jupiter’s four largest moons will pop into view, appearing as tiny stars in a line around the planet. Saturn may also appear slightly oval in shape.

With a telescope, the rings of Saturn will become visible, as will the cloud bands on Jupiter. For an interesting comparison, look at the span of Jupiter’s moons as compared to the separation between the two planets. Visually, the planets will appear closer together than the most distant of the moons, although they will actually be hundreds of millions of miles distant in space.

As for what to expect, look no farther than below as the three pictures taken on Sunday, December 20 show the perspectives from naked eye (Nikon D700 and 50mm lens), binocular (200mm lens), and telescopic (600mm FL) view. 

 
 

Whichever way you plan to view the event, don’t miss it if its clear. Additionally, the planets will remain extremely close the next few nights if it’s cloudy, switching places along the way.

 

Way Back When . . . 

As an interesting aside, this event takes place almost exactly 14 years after another historic conjunction, which saw 3 planets, Mercury, Mars, and Jupiter, all come to within a degree of each other. Here's my photo from that event with my old Hewlett-Packard PS 945 point and shoot (yes, HP made cameras back in those days!). The photo is at 300mm equivalent.

Oh yes, I got featured (sort of) with this picture on Spaceweather, too.



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Monday, August 3, 2020

A Complete List of Weather-Resistant Tamron Lenses


Tamron markets its weather sealed lenses as “dust/moisture resistant.”

Being someone who values both high quality and saving money, I always wondered what Tamron optics were weather-sealed. Unfortunately, I haven't succeeded in finding a concise list of such lenses anywhere. So, seeing a solution rather than a problem, I decided to compile one myself. So, if you're in the same boat I was in, here you go: a concise list of weather resistant Tamron lenses, which can not only stand up to the harshest environments, but can also save the buyer a lot of money over manufacturer optics. Know someone else you think would find this useful? Why not pass it on?

Companies are quick to tout cameras for weather-resistance. Unfortunately, what most beginning dSLR users don't know is this: there might as well be no weather sealing in the camera if it doesn't have a weather-sealed lens to go with it. Why is this? Simple: the lens/camera connection is the best avenue for unwanted junk, whether it be moisture, dust, or something else, to get into your camera. With a lens that has a rubber gasket at the mount, this problem is eliminated.

In terms of lenses, weather-sealing is one of the newer innovations for the simple reason that film cameras were nowhere near a susceptible to the elements as are today's “superior” digital versions. So, to keep their pros happy, camera makers started building rubber gaskets into their lenses at their most vulnerable points. Below is a complete list of Tamron lenses that are marketed as 'moisture resistant.'

Of all the major lens companies, Tamron has the best website, far and away, for showing just exactly what goes into their weather-resistance as all but a few of the optics have a cutaway diagram (the one above is from the 70-200 f2.8) showing exactly where the rubber gaskets are located. That said, just because a lens has rubber gaskets built in, doesn't mean that it is of professional quality as a few lenses on this list do not even have metal mounts. 


Di Series (Full Frame, APS-C)

15-30 f2.8 VC USD G2
17-35 f2.8-4 OSD

24-70 f2.8 VC USD G2

28-300 f3.5-6.3 VC PZD

35-150 f2.8-4 VC OSD

70-200 f2.8 VC USD G2

70-210 f4 VC USD

100-400 f4.5-6.3 VS USD

150-600 f5-6.3 (both versions)

35 f1.4 USD

35 f1.8 VC USD

45 f1.8 VC USD

85 f1.8 VC USD

90 f2.8 Macro VC USD

Di II (APS-C only)

10-24 f3.5-4.5 VC HLD
16-300 f3.5-6.3 VC PZD Macro

18-200 f3.5-6.3 VC

18-400 f3.5-6.3 VC HLD

Di III (Mirrorless)
17-28 f2.8 RXD

28-75 f2.8 RXD

28-200 f3.5-5.6 RXD
70-180 f2.8 VXD
20 f2.8 OSD 1:2
24 f2.8 OSD 1:2
35 f2.8 OSD 1:2



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Thursday, July 23, 2020

MIT Releases Eerie Apollo 11 Disaster 'Deepfake' Video


It has long been known that then-president Richard Nixon already had an alternate speech prepared in the event that the Apollo 11 mission should end in disaster. Now, thanks to technology, the world now has the chance to see Nixon give the speech that, thankfully, he never had to make in real life.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) experts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) spent over a year creating alternate history by using advanced computer technology. By taking historical audio and video and running it through a computer, the MIT team was able to create an eerily convincing video of what history may have looked like if things had gone differently in July, 1969.

Part of the video was released a year ago but only now has the full 7-minute video been made available. For anyone wanting to see the 'speech,' it starts at around the 4:30 minute mark.

While the project owed its impetus to the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11, the MIT team had a more present goal in mind: educate the public about the concept of 'deepfakes,' defined as video forgeries designed to make people look like they're doing and/or saying something that they aren't.

While in years past restricted to special effects studios, video manipulation technology capable of making a convincing fake video of a real person is now well within reach of amateurs. With its video, MIT hopes to educate about what deepfakes are, how to spot them, show how they can be used/misused, and what is being done to combat their misuse.

And as if 2020 wasn't crazy enough already . . .



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Sunday, May 31, 2020

After Almost a Decade, Americans Return to Space


For the first time in nearly a decade, the United States has launched astronauts into orbit without having to hitchhike a ride with, ironically of all people, the Russians.
A new era in the history of spaceflight began at 3:22pm yesterday as a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket lifted off from the Kennedy Space Center carrying NASA astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Benhken into orbit and to the International Space Station (ISS), becoming the first privately-owned spacecraft to carry astronauts into orbit. The Falcon launched from the historic 39A pad, which saw launches during both the Apollo and Space Shuttle programs.
What would have undoubtedly been a media and public frenzy in normal times was very subdued thanks to the ongoing China-originating COVID 19 Pandemic. Still, though, President Trump and Vice President Pence, who have spearheaded the effort to reassert America’s dominant place in space, were in attendance, with the president declaring “the decades of lost years and little action are officially over.”
To be perfectly honest, America’s space program of the 21st century to this point could be described as lost not in space, but on the ground.
With mounting calls for the retirement of the Space Shuttle following the 2003 Columbia disaster, then President George W. Bush announced the Constellation Program in 2005, which sought to return Americans to the Moon by 2020 via heavy lift rockets similar to the Saturn V. There were to be two versions of the new Aries rocket: one designed for manned launches and another designed for heavy cargo payloads.

By 2009, a study concluded that Constellation was grossly over budget. As a result, in early 2010, then President Obama announced that Constellation was going to be canceled and replaced with a single rocket: the Space Launch System (SLS), which could be built in multiple configurations while utilizing technology originally developed for Constellation.

Fast forward 9 years and it's more of the same.

The first SLS launch at the program’s 2010 announcement was targeted to be an unmanned capsule sent around the Moon in December, 2017. The first manned flight was targeted for mid 2021. Obviously, December, 2017 is years in the rear view mirror and the SLS has yet to leave the ground. The latest in an ever-slipping schedule has the SLS’s first unmanned launched, now officially titled Artemis 1, taking place in November, 2021.

However, manned American spaceflight has a new champion in President Trump, who has made it very clear that he intends to see to it that Americans will once again be able to not only fly themselves into space,
which we now have done, but to the Moon.

Last year, NASA announced that its Project Artemis (the twin sister of Apollo in Greek mythology) seeks to land astronauts on the Moon again by 2024 with the long-term goal being the creation of a permanently manned lunar base that will serve as a stepping stone to Mars. Making the upcoming journey especially interesting is a new player in space that wasn't even imaginable in the 1960s: the private sector, which completely bypasses the shifting winds of party politics in Washington D.C..

While there are now numerous private companies involved in spaceflight, the far and away leader of the proverbial pack is SpaceX.

Looking at SpaceX and what it has achieved since its 2002 founding is like looking at a shopping list. SpaceX was the first private company to: launch a rocket into orbit (2008), orbit and then recover a spacecraft (2010), send a spacecraft to the International Space Station (2012), complete a propulsive landing of a rocket (2015), reuse a rocket (2017), launch a payload into solar orbit (2018), and now launch astronauts into orbit as of yesterday.

The most intriguing possibility, however, is that offered by SpaceX's Falcon Heavy rocket. First launched in February, 2018, according to NASA, the Falcon Heavy is capable of launching astronauts to the Moon, although the SLS is the preferred option. With the SLS falling ever farther behind schedule, there is a very real possibility that the Falcon Heavy could be NASA's ticket to the Moon by 2024 if the SLS is not ready to go in time.

Yes, these are not the 1960s when manned spaceflight was a matter of national priority and pride, but the possibilities offered by the private sector are undoubtedly exciting, too. NASA astronauts riding a privately-owned rocket to the Moon? The idea would have seemed crazy in 1969 but, come 2020, this could be the future of America in space.

The future of manned spaceflight may look different, but the possibilities are truly limitless and with the private sector coming on board, could do a lot to show the world that America’s ingenuity and industry are far and away the best in the world.


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Tuesday, April 14, 2020

Find Your Old Examiner.com Articles on the Wayback Machine

find examiner.com articles wayback machine

Did you once write for examiner.com? Are you seeking a way to link to and recover your examiner.com articles? Well, it’s possible courtesy of the Wayback Machine.
After seeing a surge in traffic here over the last month or so, many new visitors to the site may have been seeing my anything but subtle plugs to follow various links to my work on examiner.com in order to, as the text plainly says, help me pay my bills. Well, for anyone curious enough to follow the links, they landed on a website that was clearly not the expected destination. So, what gives?
For many people looking to break into writing professionally 10-15 years ago, examiner.com and other similar websites built on user-generated content offered a promising gateway. While not able to speak for the other websites that I didn’t write for, I can say that Examiner was very up front with prospective writers about what they were getting into. Pay was per click, a penny per click, which wasn’t much. Examiner was open about the fact that its writers probably wouldn’t even be able to entertain the idea of quitting their regular jobs for writing, but that writing for Examiner was more of a way to supplement one’s income.
As for me, I was looking for a way to cover my health insurance costs, or at least part of it. This was in 2009, long before Obamacare drove premiums through the roof. As for the application process, it was quite simple: look for the largest market city nearest to you, look for open titles, click on one you were interested in writing about, write a sample article for that title, and send it in along with some of the usual job application stuff.
I heard back pretty quickly from the editorial staff and, after I filled out a few forms and opened a Paypal account, I became the Cleveland Photography Examiner.
After plugging away around a month or so, I realized that this was, at least to me, pretty decent money, enough to cover my health insurance and then some (back when a healthy young adult could get a policy with a monthly premium under $100!).
The real eureka moment came when I logged on one morning to see my previous day’s click/earnings total and was shocked to see that I had over 8,000 hits the previous day and was going to be getting over $80 for that one article. The topic, you ask? Remember the viral photo of then-president Obama looking at a girl’s butt? Yep. Since it was a hot topic at the time and was related to photography, I did an article on it, posted it, and got picked up by Google News. It was at this point that I read up on search engine optimization (SEO) and how to achieve it. Since my pay was per click, learning about SEO was something worthwhile to do and would quickly come to be very profitable.
Over the next year or so, I would add three more columns, Cleveland Astronomy, National Photography, and National Space News to my plate, often cranking out at least one article per column per day. Using my newly earned SEO knowledge, I became pretty good at wording my headlines and opening paragraphs all while looking for topics that either were already or looking to become hot in my chosen areas. Astronomy and Space News? Major celestial events like eclipses, meteor showers and new scientific discoveries made good fodder. On the photography side, new cameras, camera side by side (camera A vs. camera B) comparisons, hot photo industry rumors, and how-to articles on photographing big celestial events (think cross-marketing) often led to big hits, and money. A couple of times, I made over $200 on just a single article that got picked up by and placed at the top of search results in Google.
Did I ever make enough to live on? Absolutely not, but who wouldn’t mind having, on average, an extra $500 a month or so from writing about topics they were already interested in? I sure didn’t!
Unfortunately, after a few years, the examiner.com gravy train came to a screeching halt. Search engines (most notably Google) decided that examiner.com was a ‘content farm’ and that the articles offered on such websites were low quality ‘click bait’ and that such websites’ search results should get pushed to the bottom of the proverbial barrel. Come 2020, people who are urging Big Tech and, even worse, government, to regulate the spread of ‘fake news’ and ‘misinfornation’ need to think about this: who are Big Tech and government to determine what online content is of quality and what is not? Do you really want other people deciding this for you? Do you think people are too stupid to think for themselves? Well, it already happened when sites like examiner.com were blacklisted by search engines. As a writer, I will say that SEO was a big part of being successful on examiner.com but, on the other hand, using attention-grabbing openings doesn’t equate to junk articles and besides, what established media outlet doesn’t use such tactics?
Long story short, the hits really dried up. In fact, they all but evaporated. Many writers left. Me? I kept plugging away at it for awhile, especially when a big astronomical event was coming or when a hot new camera was first announced. Eventually, on the Cleveland edition at least, I would often occupy multiple slots on the most popular article list but have only a few bucks to show for it when, in the past, I could have been earning tenfold. Eventually, the effort wasn’t worth the reward and I gave up on it, too. Come 2016, so did examiner.com itself. The site went offline and all content, at least in published form, was lost.
Or was it? Enter the Wayback Machine.
Started in 2001, the Wayback Machine is a web archive of cached web sites/pages that looks to serve as a digital repository for as much of the Internet as is possible. Getting curious upon learning of it, I started plugging in websites that I knew were long gone and, as if by magic, there they were again, often complete with working links. This is when I decided to search myself and my long thought lost 4 columns on examiner.com.
Did you write for Examiner and want to find your old stuff in its published context? Well, to do that, simply go to the Wayback Machine and plug in your old Examiner URL into the search bar at the top. Don’t remember your URL? No problem. The start of all the Examiner URLs will be http://www.examiner.com/. After the slash, simply plug in your title in all lowercase letters with hyphens between the words, then another slash followed by your name with a hyphen between first and last. Example: “photography-in-cleveland/dennis-bodzash” for my Cleveland Photography column. That done, hit the “Browse History” button.
This is where things will get different for everyone as the amount of saved links will vary. If your column was popular, expect a lot of links. If you weren’t popular or came in late by which point Examiner’s traffic was next to nothing, don’t expect a lot.
Your site archived, start clicking on things. If you were like me and listed recent articles at the bottom of every article you wrote and/or linked to previous articles or ones in your other columns if you wrote under multiple titles, there could be a lot of clicking involved. Not all links will lead to an old article but, hopefully, many will take you to an archived web page where you can see your work in its original context rather than as a Word file.

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Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Nikon Announces D780 With Stunning Long Exposure Capabilities

Nikon D780 astrophotography 900 seconds 15 minutes
The Nikon D780: It can go up to 900 seconds (15 minutes) and may just be the best new camera for astrophotography.
Nikon just announced its new D780, which can do up to a 900 second (15 minute) long exposure via the manual mode in pre-programmed settings without the hassle of having to use an external remote timer. For astrophotographers who also like to take terrestrial photos, this may just have become the ideal astro cam as it offers the best of both worlds.
There have been digital cameras in the past targeted toward astrophotographers that offered shutter speeds as slow as 15 minutes, but there was a cost. The issue: these cameras were designed specifically for shooting deep sky objects, which often emit long-wavelength red light. In order to allow these cameras to capture the deep reds emitted by many deep sky objects, these cameras’ infrared filters (IR) were modified or removed entirely in order to allow the sensors to record at the 656 nm wavelength that a standard camera’s filter would block. Result: the camera would capture all of the deep reds emitted by deep sky objects but would be just about useless for regular photography because they were so red sensitive.

Let’s face it: photography/astrophotography is not a cheap hobby and a camera that can do everything is very desirable. To look at the dollars, take Canon’s EOS R and EOS Ra (for astronomy) variant. Both cameras are essentially the same thing except for the fact that the EOS Ra has exposure settings that can go up to 15 minutes (just like the D780) and that it can record those 656 nm wavelengths, which the EOS R can’t. Unfortunately, thanks to its modified IR filter, the EOS Ra is essentially useless as a traditional camera, which would necessitate having to buy another camera (let’s assume the EOS R) for traditional purposes.
Right now, the EOS R sells for around $1800 as a body. The EOS Ra? Well, Canon thinks that the cost to remove that pesky IR filter requires a $700 price premium as the EOS Ra is priced at $2500, a 30+% price premium over its standard cousin. Not to bash Canon, Nikon did the same exact thing a few years back when it launched its D810 variant: the D810A (for astronomy, naturally). Bottom line: for anyone wanting to do astro and traditional photography with Canon, you’re looking at $4300.
Cue the D780.
The D780 is not marketed as an astro cam as it has the standard infrared filter found on every other Nikon, which means that things that are truly deep red in the night sky will appear more pink/purple when shot with the D780 than they would with a dedicated astro cam (like the EOS Ra or D810A) because the D780 will not record the deep reds that a dedicated astro cam would. On the other hand, this means that the D780 can do double duty as a traditional camera!
Yes, the D780 will not hold a candle to the D810A or EOS Ra when it comes to recording those deep reds but, on the other hand, it will save you a lot of money at the cost of having to spend more time in Photoshop in order to fully bring out the reds that it will capture. For people who aren’t swimming in money and actually have to worry about this pesky thing called a budget, the Nikon D780 may just be your thing if you like to equally use your camera under both Sun and star light.


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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

New Year, New Updates to Old Articles

The Tokina 28-70 f2.6-2.8 ATX-PRO got an update . .. .

. . . As did the Sigma 100-300 f4 DG HSM APO
It's a new year, a new decade, and time to update some old stuff!

First of all, two lens reviews have been updated to include full-frame tests. Back in 2010-11, I reviewed both the Tokina 28-70 f2.6-2.8 ATX-PRO and Sigma 100-300 f4 DG HSM Apo when paired with my APS-C format Canon EOS 30D. In fact, the Tokina review was the first one that I did in an in-depth manner that has now become standard. Well, I liked these lenses so much that I tracked them down in Nikon mount and have updated these reviews to cover the full frame format offered by my Nikon D700. So, why not check them out to see how both lenses perform in a format that is becoming more affordable by the year (Nikon’s D750 is now selling for under $1000).


In Depth Reviews:

Tokina 28-70 f2.6-2.8 ATX PRO
 
Sigma 100-300 f4 DG HSM Apo


 
The list of weather-resistant Nikkors (never mind the picture) got a much-needed update, too.
Another page long in need of updating was my complete list of weather-resistant Nikkor lenses. Originally written shortly after buying the D700, this initially started as a personal quest to find out what lenses were weather-resistant and liable to make a good partner for my weather-resistant dSLR should I get into shooting in adverse conditions. Seeing that there was no concise list of the sort out there on the Internet (back in 2011), I decided to post the results of my research myself. Being the only one for quite some time, I racked up over 60,000 hits (as of this writing) on this article alone, no thanks to its high ranking on Google. Well, after a 2016 update (add 10,000 views for this article), I decided to update again to reflect Nikon’s 2020 lens lineup while adding clarifications over the past version.

So check it out . . . 

Updated for 2020 List Complete List of Weather Resistant Nikon Lenses
And if you don't have such an optic . . .
How to clean your camera's sensor yourself

Oh yes, and this spawned a list of weather-resistant Sigma lenses, too . . .
A Complete List of Weather-Resistant Sigma Lenses



As a last note, I decided to clean up my pages a bit, too. My astronomy page was getting really cluttered as a catch-all for all things, well, astronomy. Seeing a lot of articles that could be further categorized into their own pages owing to the large amount of articles on a broad topic, I created two new pages: so why not check them out?


New Pages
 

Historical astronomy

How-tos on using your gear
,


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